On Transmission Congestion and Pricing
نویسنده
چکیده
| We provide a tutorial review, by example, of how to calculate optimal bus prices and congestion costs for a simple power system, using the \DC" loaddow approximation. It is also shown how to calculate the marginal eeect of changing the impedance of a transmission on total system costs, and how this can be used for transmission planning purposes. The role of long-term contracts for hedging and investment is discussed, and examples of hedging are given for various types of system participants.
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